\u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ce\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd (\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03cc\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1) \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u0393\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1) (Nelson et al., 2015). \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n
\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 26.9-57.5% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 16.63%) (Mohseni-Bandpei et al., 2012). \u03a6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf, \u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (Mohseni-Bandpei et al., 2012). \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2\/\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (Clarsen et al., 2014). \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf \u03ce\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1. \u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5:
\n1)\tAmerican football (29.4-50.2% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 1-4 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ce\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd\/\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1) (Lawrence et al., 2015, 2016),
\n2)\tSkiing\/Snowboard (41% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5) (Patrick et al., 2015),
\n3)\t\u0386\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd (powerlifting, Olympic weightlifting \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u2018strongman\u2019) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (0.3-1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2\/1000h \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2) \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae (Siewe et al., 2011, 2014),
\n4)\t\u03a0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 (3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u2013 9.6 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\/1000h \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u2013 50% \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd) (Jarret et al., 1998; Mohseni-Bandpei et al., 2012),
\n5)\tHandball (22-36% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u2013 44.2% \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd) (Mohseni-Bandpei et al., 2012; Myklebust et al., 2013),
\n6)\tDisc golf\/\u03a1\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 frisbee (31-34% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5) (Nelson et al., 2015; Rahbek & Nielsen, 2016),
\n7)\tRugby (33.8% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u2013 40.3 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\/1000h \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u2013 111 \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2\/\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc) (Moore et al., 2015; Papalia et al., 2014),
\n8)\t\u039a\u03c9\u03c0\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 (31.9% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u2013 57.5% \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd) (Mohseni-Bandpei et al., 2012),
\n9)\tBaseball (20.6% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5) (Conte et al., 2016).
\n\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5:
\n1)\t\u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (12.3% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u2013 29.6% \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd) (Mohseni-Bandpei et al., 2012),
\n2)\tVolleyball (1-10% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u2013 3.8 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\/1000h \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u2013 37.9% \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd) (Bere et al., 2015; Mohseni-Bandpei et al., 2012),
\n3)\t\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 (<7.1 % \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u2013 26.9% \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd) (Lo et al., 1990; McCarthy et al., 2013; Mohseni-Bandpei et al., 2012),\n4)\t\u03a0\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf (0.8% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5) (Junge et al., 2004).\n\n\u03a7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 >94% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9, \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 2.7-24 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 (Bonnevialle et al., 2008; Funk et al., 2007; Larrain et al., 2006; Neyton et al., 2012; Tambe et al., 2009). \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 5-6 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 (Bonnevialle et al., 2008; Funk et al., 2007; Larrain et al., 2006; Tambe et al., 2009). \u03a0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1 17% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 3.8 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03bf (Bonnevialle et al., 2008), \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 30-45% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (Bonnevialle et al., 2008; Neyton et al., 2012). \u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac (Neyton et al., 2012), \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf, \u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (Fermont et al., 2015).
\n\u0386\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03be\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (De Mey et al., 2012). \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03cc\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (18 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 4-40) \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf 50% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce 66% \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 (Edwards et al., 2010). \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2\/\u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03a7 12 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2) \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 (Moosmayer et al., 2014) \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2\/\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (27.5%) \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (28.8%).
\n\u039b\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1. \u0394\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af) \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf-\u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\/manual therapy \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ce\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf-\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\/placebo (Cox et al., 2016; Desjardins-Charbonneau et al., 2015). \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 (high-level) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 (\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2) (Daecke et al., 2002; Farr et al., 2011; Louwerens et al., 2014), \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 20\u2019-1h \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2) (Andersen et al., 2013). \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd (Camargo et al., 2015; Coronado et al., 2015; Harshbarger et al., 2013), \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2\/\u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03a7 12 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2) \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\/\u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03a7 6 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2) \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 18 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (Engebretsen et al., 2009). \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (Goldgrub et al., 2016).<\/p>\n
\u03a3\u03a5\u039c\u03a0\u0395\u03a1\u0391\u03a3\u039c\u0391
\n\t\u039f\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b7 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (2-3 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2\/\u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03a7 12 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ce\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b7, \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\/manual therapy, \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 (\u2264 2 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03cc\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5.
\n\t\u0397 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b3\u03cd\u03bc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n
\u0392\u0399\u0392\u039b\u0399\u039f\u0393\u03a1\u0391\u03a6\u0399\u0391
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\n38.\tTambe A, Badge R, Funk L. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in elite rugby players. Int J Shoulder Surg. 2009 3:8-12.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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